Sindhudurg is really a area within the condition associated with Maharashtra created within 1981 as well as had been created from the Ratnagiri Area. This particular area is known as following the fortification associated with Sindhudurg that is on the rugged islet simply from the coastline associated with Malvan. Sindhudurg indicates ?the fortification within the sea?. The actual area associated with Sindhudurg is actually bordered about the northern through Ratnagiri, about the southern through the condition associated with Goa, about the western through the Arabian Ocean, and also to the actual eastern through the Traditional western Ghats. Sindhudurg is actually rendered along with stunning seaside, attractive mountain tops as well as panoramic pure beauty and it is recognized for that exotic fruit such as the renowned Alphonso mangoes, cashews as well as Jamuns.
The actual Sindhudurg fortification had been constructed through Shivaji Maharaj about the isle associated with ?Kurate? within 1664.
This particular ocean fortification had been built to maintain the vigil in the coastline. The actual experienced contractors from the fortification possess constructed the actual entry so which anybody attempting to permeate the actual courtroom wouldn't actually recognize in which the entry doorway is actually. The actual external zigzag walls can also be constructed so when the actual adversary episodes, they're noticeable through any kind of aspect to ensure that soldiers within the fortification may fireplace their own weapons as well as cannons successfully as well as assault the actual adversary. The actual Mahadwar or even the primary entrance is actually large and it is 9 foot tall as well as 3. 5 foot wide and also the fortification by itself is actually distribute throughout forty eight miles having a 3 kilometres lengthy rampart walls, a lot more than 50 declaration systems as well as semi-circular bastions. Regarding 15, 000 a lot of metal had been utilized in the actual castings in order to endure the ocean. There's a primary banner post about the greatest bastion. Within the fortification you will find temples or wats associated with Shivarajesjwar, Hanuman, Mahadev as well as Bhavani.
You will find a number of temples or wats around Sindhudurg. A number of them tend to be Sagareshwar Forehead that is constructed about the seaside, Shri Mauli Devi Forehead from Shiroda, Shri Navadurga Forehead from Redi, Shri Ganesh Forehead, Shri Memory Purush Forehead, Swayambhoo Shiva Forehead from Redi, Shri Sateri Devi Forehead from Aaravali-Shiroda, Shri Dev Giroba Forehead, Shiroda Seaside, as well as Shri Vetaleshwar Forehead from Ajgaon tend to be really worth going to one of the other people.
The actual main visitor places within Sindhudurg tend to be Sawantwadi, well-known because of its wood playthings, Narendra Slope, Moti River, Amboli slope train station, Dharmapur River, Hiranyakeshi as well as Nagartas waterfalls. Another forts within Sindhudurg would be the forts associated with Padamgad, Sarjekot, Rajkot, Nivti, Bharatgad as well as Bhagwantgad. The actual Tarkarli seaside is very well-liked by both local people as well as vacationers. Daring sports activities such as scuba-diving as well as snorkelling could be organized to see the actual barrier saltwater about the borders from the isle. The actual closest train train station reaches Sindhudurg. Goa as well as Maharashtra condition possessed chartering set you back Sindhudurg through all of the close by locations.
[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - Detectives pursuing British tabloid phone hacking in 2006 quickly concluded that the practice was not confined to a rogue News of the World reporter and identified hundreds of potential victims — including one of owner Rupert Murdoch's trusted lieutenants, Rebekah Brooks.
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Math can save Tylenol overdose patientsPublic release date: 26-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Lee Siegel lee.siegel@utah.edu 801-581-8993 University of Utah
New way for doctors to predict who needs liver transplants
SALT LAKE CITY, Feb. 27, 2012 University of Utah mathematicians developed a set of calculus equations to make it easier for doctors to save Tylenol overdose patients by quickly estimating how much painkiller they took, when they consumed it and whether they will require a liver transplant to survive.
"It's an opportunity to use mathematical methods to improve medical practice and save lives," says Fred Adler, a professor of mathematics and biology and coauthor of a study that developed and tested the new method.
The study of acetaminophen the generic pain and fever medicine sold as Tylenol and in many other nonprescription and prescription drugs was set for publication within a week in Hepatology, a journal about liver function and disease.
Adler, math doctoral student Chris Remien and their colleagues showed that using only four common medical lab tests known as AST, ALT, INR and creatinine the equations can quickly and accurately predict which Tylenol overdose patients will survive with medical treatment and which will die unless they receive a liver transplant.
The researchers analyzed the records of 53 acetaminophen overdose patients treated at the University of Utah's University Hospital to test the equations and show they quickly and accurately predicted, in retrospect, which patients survived and which died.
Speed is essential in listing acute liver failure patients as candidates for transplant, says study coauthor Norman Sussman, a former University of Utah liver doctor now at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.
If a doctor is uncertain and starts to treat an acetaminophen-poisoning patient with the antidote to combat liver failure even though the patient may not survive with such medicine their odds for getting a new liver are reduced.
"If I wait another day until I list them for transplant, the chance of getting a liver is that much lower," Sussman says. "If you're going to get someone transplanted, you have to do it fast or you miss the boat. The patient may pass the window when transplants can be done. They become too sick and can't stand the transplant."
The new method using calculus equations will let doctors rapidly determine if a patient can survive with antidote treatment or will die unless they get a transplant.
The study urges another clinical trial to prove the new method's usefulness. Sussman plans to start a one-year prospective trial testing the method on 50 patients at the University of Utah and three hospitals in Houston.
If that trial proves the method can accurately predict ahead of time how Tylenol-poisoning patients will fare, "we believe we could create a tool available and immediately useful to clinicians," Sussman says. Adler foresees a smartphone application.
Adler, Remien and Sussman conducted the study with University of Utah hepatologist Terry Box and Lindsey Waddoups, clinical research coordinator for the University of Utah's gastroenterology division. The research was funded by a National Science Foundation grant to the University of Utah's program in mathematical biology.
Painkiller Can Be a Killer
Acetaminophen the primary generic name for the drug also known generically as APAP and paracetemol is found in prescription medicines such as Tylenol with Codeine, Percocet or Vicodin, and in dozens of over-the-counter medications, including Tylenol, Anacin, Pediacare, Triaminic and combination cold medications like Nyquil.
Many people don't realize the common analgesic can destroy the liver and kill at only about five times the recommended dosage a narrow margin in medical terms.
"Acetaminophen is the leading cause of acute liver injury in the United States, accounting for some 56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospital admissions and about 500 deaths annually," Adler and his coauthors write.
The current maximum dose of acetaminophen is 4 grams (4,000 milligrams or eight 500 milligram tablets, for example) in 24 hours. There is not a lot of room for error between that 4-gram maximum and the 6 grams that can cause liver damage or the 20 grams that are considered likely to destroy 70 percent of liver cells and cause death.
Acetaminophen overdoses can be treated successfully if an antidote named N-acetylcysteine (N-Ac or "nack") is administered within roughly 24 hours. After a certain time post-overdose, treatment becomes futile and the patient will die without a transplant.
Yet many overdose patients are confused or comatose, unable to say how much acetaminophen they took or when they took it, making it tough to predict their prognosis.
Life-Saving Calculus
The new method uses eight main "differential equations" basic calculus equations that describe how changes in one variable affects changes in another variable over time. The equations simulate or "model," step-by-step, how acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver, including production of NAPQI, a liver-destroying substance.
That makes it the first known "dynamical" model based on real biology a contrast to the existing "statistical" method for determining how overdose patients fare.
The statistical method known as the King's College Criteria (KCC) estimates who is likely to survive or die from acetaminophen toxicity using correlations between INR and creatinine lab tests and which patients actually did live or die in the past. The King's College Criteria predict liver failure if INR exceeds 6.4, creatinine exceeds 3.4 and there is confusion, altered consciousness or coma due to liver damage.
The problem, says Adler, is the criteria "look at the statistical relationship between lab test results and patient outcome without understanding what's happening inside the liver. It's just statistics."
The new method "tracks how the liver's health changes over time," he says.
The new equations use patients' measured levels of AST, ALT and INR to estimate when they consumed acetaminophen and how much they took. By also considering creatinine levels, the new method accurately predicts which Tylenol overdose patients will survive with treatment and which will require a liver transplant to avoid death.
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are enzymes that are released by dying liver cells, so higher levels indicate liver damage. INR (prothrombin time/international normalized ratio) measures how fast blood clots. Liver cells make clotting factors, so if the liver malfunctions, clotting is slower. Creatinine is a measure of kidney dysfunction, in this case secondary to liver damage.
Sussman says the King's College Criteria are outdated and have grown less useful over time. When a patient arrives with lab results indicating liver failure, "your first decision has to be, 'Do I list this patient for transplant?'" he says. "That was the purpose of the King's College Criteria. You need to make an immediate decision: Do I think this patient will live or die? If I think they'll live, I'm going to treat them [with the antidote]. If they're going to die, the next question is, are they a candidate for transplant?"
"Our goal was to try to trace it back to: when did the damage start?," he adds. "Once you know that and the peak damage reflected in the ALT, then you have the tools to predict survival or death."
Of people who are liver transplant candidates, those with acute liver failure half due to acetaminophen poisoning go straight to the top of the liver transplant list, ahead of the vast majority of candidates who have chronic liver failure, such as from alcoholism, Sussman says.
Predicting Overdose Outcomes
The 53 patients whose records were analyzed for the new study varied in alcohol use, malnutrition status and whether they took too much acetaminophen in a suicide attempt, an accidental single overdose or a chronic, multiple-day overdose.
Two patients got liver transplants and were excluded from the analysis "because we don't know if they would have died or recovered without transplant," Remien says.
Of the 51 remaining patients, eight died and 43 survived. The study showed that when AST, ALT and INR tests on admission were crunched through the equations, and when creatinine levels exceeded 3.4, the method was highly accurate in predicting, retrospectively, whether overdose patients lived or died. Specifically, the method had:
100 percent sensitivity, meaning the method correctly predicted the deaths of all eight patients who actually had died. By comparison, the King's College Criteria predicted only one of the eight deaths.
67 percent "positive predictive value," meaning eight patients died out of 12 deaths predicted by the method.
91 percent specificity, meaning the method predicted 39 patients would survive out of the 43 that really did survive.
100 percent "negative predictive value," meaning the method predicted 39 patients would survive and those 39 did survive.
Sussman says there were multiple reasons for the eight deaths. Some patients arrived too late to be treated, even by a transplant, and others didn't qualify as transplant candidates, perhaps due to serious drug or alcohol abuse and lack of family support.
About 16,000 people now are on the liver transplant waiting list in the United States. About 5,000 to 6,600 Americans get liver transplants each year.
Adler emphasizes the new method is based on a typical acute liver failure patient and may need refinement to better predict the prognoses of certain special patients, including those taking other drugs, with chronic alcohol use or suffering anorexia.
###
University of Utah Public Relations
201 Presidents Circle, Room 308
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-9017
(801) 581-6773 fax: (801) 585-3350
www.unews.utah.edu
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Math can save Tylenol overdose patientsPublic release date: 26-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Lee Siegel lee.siegel@utah.edu 801-581-8993 University of Utah
New way for doctors to predict who needs liver transplants
SALT LAKE CITY, Feb. 27, 2012 University of Utah mathematicians developed a set of calculus equations to make it easier for doctors to save Tylenol overdose patients by quickly estimating how much painkiller they took, when they consumed it and whether they will require a liver transplant to survive.
"It's an opportunity to use mathematical methods to improve medical practice and save lives," says Fred Adler, a professor of mathematics and biology and coauthor of a study that developed and tested the new method.
The study of acetaminophen the generic pain and fever medicine sold as Tylenol and in many other nonprescription and prescription drugs was set for publication within a week in Hepatology, a journal about liver function and disease.
Adler, math doctoral student Chris Remien and their colleagues showed that using only four common medical lab tests known as AST, ALT, INR and creatinine the equations can quickly and accurately predict which Tylenol overdose patients will survive with medical treatment and which will die unless they receive a liver transplant.
The researchers analyzed the records of 53 acetaminophen overdose patients treated at the University of Utah's University Hospital to test the equations and show they quickly and accurately predicted, in retrospect, which patients survived and which died.
Speed is essential in listing acute liver failure patients as candidates for transplant, says study coauthor Norman Sussman, a former University of Utah liver doctor now at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.
If a doctor is uncertain and starts to treat an acetaminophen-poisoning patient with the antidote to combat liver failure even though the patient may not survive with such medicine their odds for getting a new liver are reduced.
"If I wait another day until I list them for transplant, the chance of getting a liver is that much lower," Sussman says. "If you're going to get someone transplanted, you have to do it fast or you miss the boat. The patient may pass the window when transplants can be done. They become too sick and can't stand the transplant."
The new method using calculus equations will let doctors rapidly determine if a patient can survive with antidote treatment or will die unless they get a transplant.
The study urges another clinical trial to prove the new method's usefulness. Sussman plans to start a one-year prospective trial testing the method on 50 patients at the University of Utah and three hospitals in Houston.
If that trial proves the method can accurately predict ahead of time how Tylenol-poisoning patients will fare, "we believe we could create a tool available and immediately useful to clinicians," Sussman says. Adler foresees a smartphone application.
Adler, Remien and Sussman conducted the study with University of Utah hepatologist Terry Box and Lindsey Waddoups, clinical research coordinator for the University of Utah's gastroenterology division. The research was funded by a National Science Foundation grant to the University of Utah's program in mathematical biology.
Painkiller Can Be a Killer
Acetaminophen the primary generic name for the drug also known generically as APAP and paracetemol is found in prescription medicines such as Tylenol with Codeine, Percocet or Vicodin, and in dozens of over-the-counter medications, including Tylenol, Anacin, Pediacare, Triaminic and combination cold medications like Nyquil.
Many people don't realize the common analgesic can destroy the liver and kill at only about five times the recommended dosage a narrow margin in medical terms.
"Acetaminophen is the leading cause of acute liver injury in the United States, accounting for some 56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospital admissions and about 500 deaths annually," Adler and his coauthors write.
The current maximum dose of acetaminophen is 4 grams (4,000 milligrams or eight 500 milligram tablets, for example) in 24 hours. There is not a lot of room for error between that 4-gram maximum and the 6 grams that can cause liver damage or the 20 grams that are considered likely to destroy 70 percent of liver cells and cause death.
Acetaminophen overdoses can be treated successfully if an antidote named N-acetylcysteine (N-Ac or "nack") is administered within roughly 24 hours. After a certain time post-overdose, treatment becomes futile and the patient will die without a transplant.
Yet many overdose patients are confused or comatose, unable to say how much acetaminophen they took or when they took it, making it tough to predict their prognosis.
Life-Saving Calculus
The new method uses eight main "differential equations" basic calculus equations that describe how changes in one variable affects changes in another variable over time. The equations simulate or "model," step-by-step, how acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver, including production of NAPQI, a liver-destroying substance.
That makes it the first known "dynamical" model based on real biology a contrast to the existing "statistical" method for determining how overdose patients fare.
The statistical method known as the King's College Criteria (KCC) estimates who is likely to survive or die from acetaminophen toxicity using correlations between INR and creatinine lab tests and which patients actually did live or die in the past. The King's College Criteria predict liver failure if INR exceeds 6.4, creatinine exceeds 3.4 and there is confusion, altered consciousness or coma due to liver damage.
The problem, says Adler, is the criteria "look at the statistical relationship between lab test results and patient outcome without understanding what's happening inside the liver. It's just statistics."
The new method "tracks how the liver's health changes over time," he says.
The new equations use patients' measured levels of AST, ALT and INR to estimate when they consumed acetaminophen and how much they took. By also considering creatinine levels, the new method accurately predicts which Tylenol overdose patients will survive with treatment and which will require a liver transplant to avoid death.
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are enzymes that are released by dying liver cells, so higher levels indicate liver damage. INR (prothrombin time/international normalized ratio) measures how fast blood clots. Liver cells make clotting factors, so if the liver malfunctions, clotting is slower. Creatinine is a measure of kidney dysfunction, in this case secondary to liver damage.
Sussman says the King's College Criteria are outdated and have grown less useful over time. When a patient arrives with lab results indicating liver failure, "your first decision has to be, 'Do I list this patient for transplant?'" he says. "That was the purpose of the King's College Criteria. You need to make an immediate decision: Do I think this patient will live or die? If I think they'll live, I'm going to treat them [with the antidote]. If they're going to die, the next question is, are they a candidate for transplant?"
"Our goal was to try to trace it back to: when did the damage start?," he adds. "Once you know that and the peak damage reflected in the ALT, then you have the tools to predict survival or death."
Of people who are liver transplant candidates, those with acute liver failure half due to acetaminophen poisoning go straight to the top of the liver transplant list, ahead of the vast majority of candidates who have chronic liver failure, such as from alcoholism, Sussman says.
Predicting Overdose Outcomes
The 53 patients whose records were analyzed for the new study varied in alcohol use, malnutrition status and whether they took too much acetaminophen in a suicide attempt, an accidental single overdose or a chronic, multiple-day overdose.
Two patients got liver transplants and were excluded from the analysis "because we don't know if they would have died or recovered without transplant," Remien says.
Of the 51 remaining patients, eight died and 43 survived. The study showed that when AST, ALT and INR tests on admission were crunched through the equations, and when creatinine levels exceeded 3.4, the method was highly accurate in predicting, retrospectively, whether overdose patients lived or died. Specifically, the method had:
100 percent sensitivity, meaning the method correctly predicted the deaths of all eight patients who actually had died. By comparison, the King's College Criteria predicted only one of the eight deaths.
67 percent "positive predictive value," meaning eight patients died out of 12 deaths predicted by the method.
91 percent specificity, meaning the method predicted 39 patients would survive out of the 43 that really did survive.
100 percent "negative predictive value," meaning the method predicted 39 patients would survive and those 39 did survive.
Sussman says there were multiple reasons for the eight deaths. Some patients arrived too late to be treated, even by a transplant, and others didn't qualify as transplant candidates, perhaps due to serious drug or alcohol abuse and lack of family support.
About 16,000 people now are on the liver transplant waiting list in the United States. About 5,000 to 6,600 Americans get liver transplants each year.
Adler emphasizes the new method is based on a typical acute liver failure patient and may need refinement to better predict the prognoses of certain special patients, including those taking other drugs, with chronic alcohol use or suffering anorexia.
###
University of Utah Public Relations
201 Presidents Circle, Room 308
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-9017
(801) 581-6773 fax: (801) 585-3350
www.unews.utah.edu
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
More and more people are turning their attention to living their lives in a more responsible way. They have begun a recycling plan and are working hard to conserve energy. They are also being more earth friendly in their food and drink choices. One simple way that has been discovered to be more earth friendly is to switch to using organic coffee. When someone chooses the coffee that is made from organic coffee beans, they are making a very earth friendly decision. The benefits that come with drinking coffee that is organic are many. To begin with, the traditional coffee is more harmful than this coffee. To keep the bugs off of the traditional coffee beans, pesticides are sprayed on the plants. There are still pesticides on the coffee beans that are ground up when the traditional coffee is packaged. Even the small doses of these pesticides can lead to a number of severe health issues.
You will not only be helping your body to be healthy when you choose the organic types of coffee but you will also be doing your part to help the environment. When someone grows organic type coffee, they must adhere to the guidelines that are in place. The government regulates the growers of these crops to ensure that they are following each one without skipping any steps.
One of the regulations that are place on organic coffee growers is that the beans must be planted and grown under the shade of trees. The plants should not be exposed to full sunlight. The beans will have just the right amount of nourishment from the sun when the small beams flow through the branches of the trees. This practice allows the beans to grow at a slower rate which makes them taste much richer.
Organic coffee beans cannot have the harmful pesticides and chemicals on them. In order to allow the beans to grow to their full maturity, all natural fertilizers and composts are used. When you drink your coffee you will now be rid of the harmful chemicals. The earth will not be filled with these chemicals either.
These coffee beans will be planted in soil that has been completely free from chemicals for a specific number of years. When crops treated with chemicals were grown on a particular piece of land, that land cannot be used to grow organic foods. There are tests completed on the land before any planting is done to make sure the guidelines are adhered to.
These regulations do add some time to the growing time for these plants. There are also more manual processes involved in growing these plants. The price of the organic coffee is raised some due to these things. While the difference is not really that great, it is still more costly than traditional coffee. The benefits to your health and the environment are well worth the small difference in price.
Traditional coffee flavors can also be found in the organic brands when you look for them in your grocery store. There may even be some on the shelf that you could not get in a traditional coffee. The all natural ingredients that are used to create these wonderful tastes are all organic as well.
If you were to spend a little time looking online you would also find that you can find some really great types of coffee that are organic and that taste amazing. You will not need to look in your grocery store for these coffees as they will be delivered right to your door step.
[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - Pope Benedict XVI on Saturday urged infertile couples to shun artificial procreation, decrying such methods as a form of arrogance.
A powerful winter storm is making a mess from Iowa to the Northeast. The Weather Channel's Mike Seidel reports from Chicago.
By weather.com, NBC News and msnbc.com staff
Updated at 2:45 p.m. ET:The storm has affected air travelers. Delays average 45 minutes into and out of O?Hare International Airport, and more than 200 flights have been canceled because of weather, The Chicago Department of Aviation reports. Forty flights have been canceled at Midway Airport.
Updated at 11:50 a.m. ET:?This system is going to continue to move northeastward and the primary snow threat should begin to move in towards some of the northeast, and particularly (the) New England area, with time," Steven Weiss, chief of the science support branch at the National Weather Service?s storm prediction center, told msnbc.com.
Updated at 7:23 a.m. ET: A winter storm?left a?"stripe of snow" across the Midwest before heading toward upstate New York and northern New England on Friday morning, weather.com reported.
Meteorologist Tim Ballisty predicted that Chicago could receive "a half foot or more" of snow.
"On Thursday into Friday, look for a stripe of snow to lay down from the Dakotas into Iowa, northern Illinois, far northern Indiana and lower Michigan," he added. "The bulk of the heaviest snow will fall south of Milwaukee -- closer to the Wisconsin/Illinois border."
Appearing on NBC's TODAY on?Friday, weather.com's Mike Seidel reported that at least 130 flights had been delayed at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport. He added that prior to Thursday,?Chicago had received only 16 inches of snow all winter.
The storm also?dropped several inches of snow over parts of North and South Dakota on Thursday with?some places getting?more than a foot of snow.
Weather.com's clickable winter weather alerts map
"Look for areas north and west of Detroit, such as Flint, to pick up some of the heaviest snow across lower Michigan," Ballisty said. "It's here where we anticipate snowfall amounts to surpass 6 inches.?Still, a decent snowfall will make its way into the Motor City on Thursday night with the heaviest snowfall rates occurring during the overnight hours."
Ballisty predicted that?the storm would march into upstate New York and?northern New England on Friday morning.
"Look for the heaviest snow to fall over the higher terrain of northern New York and Vermont," he said.?"This includes Burlington, Vermont where snow totals could exceed?half a foot."
Boston was also?expected to be hit with a "slushy inch or two," Ballisty added.
Weather.com's?Tim Ballisty, NBC News and msnbc.com's Miranda Leitsinger contributed to this report.
The planet?GJ 1214b is a watery planet covered in a thick, steamy atmosphere, a new study of Hubble data suggests.
Scientists have discovered a new type of alien planet ? a steamy waterworld that is larger than Earth but smaller than Uranus.
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The standard-bearer for this new class of exoplanet is called GJ 1214b, which astronomers first discovered in December 2009. New observations by NASA's?Hubble Space Telescope?suggest that GJ 1214b is a watery world enshrouded by a thick, steamy atmosphere.
"GJ?1214b is like no planet we know of," study lead author Zachory Berta of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., said in a statement. "A huge fraction of its mass is made up of water."
To date, astronomers have discovered more than 700 planets beyond our solar system, with about 2,300 more "candidates" awaiting confirmation by follow-up observations.
These?alien planets?are a diverse bunch. Astronomers have found one planet as light and airy as Styrofoam, for example, and another as dense as iron. They've discovered several alien worlds that orbit two suns, like Luke Skywalker's home planet of Tatooine in the "Star Wars" films.?[The Strangest Alien Planets]
But GJ 1214b, which is located 40 light-years from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer), is something new altogether, researchers said.
This so-called "super-Earth"?is about 2.7 times Earth?s diameter and weighs nearly seven times as much as our home planet. It orbits a red-dwarf star at a distance of 1.2 million miles (2 million kilometres), giving it an estimated surface temperature of 446 degrees Fahrenheit (230 degrees Celsius) ? too hot to host life as we know it.
Scientists first reported in 2010 that GJ?1214b's atmosphere is likely composed primarily of water, but their findings were not definitive. Berta and his team used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to help dispel the doubts.
By Steve Lopez Los Angeles Times February 18, 2012
The hospice nurse said on Tuesday that my father could be gone within 24 hours. It was no surprise. He?d been bedridden for days, and on the list of 10 signs that death is near, he had six or seven.
And so I headed north, to the Bay Area, to be with my family. And it?s true what they say ? that even if you prepare yourself for the inevitable, and know there?ll be mercy in death, the imminent loss of a loved one crushes you in ways you don?t anticipate.
My father lay in a hospital bed in a bedroom of the house I grew up in, sleeping on his side, clutching the rails as if holding on against the tug of death. Losing him forever had been no more than a concept until this moment. Now I was watching him die, and the family photos on the wall spoke both of our memories and our mortality.
His arms trembled, his breathing jumped and fell. He?d open his eyes briefly, halfway acknowledge us, then drop back into deep sleep.
By chance, I had been at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center on Tuesday when my father took this latest turn. I was sharing my family?s experience at a meeting of the hospital?s End of Life committee. The medical staff is searching for ways to better help families make hard decisions, limit patient suffering and avoid costly medical procedures that extend dying more than they prolong life.
?There?s a fair amount of unnecessary and inappropriate end-of-life care that?s given,? said Dr. Glenn Braunstein, who heads the committee and thinks doctors need to have earlier, frank conversations with families about the limits of medicine, and about the need for patients to put their end-of-life wishes down on paper.
Dr. Beth Karlan, a Cedars oncologist, said she sometimes advises terminally ill patients to enjoy their remaining days doing what they really want to do, rather than subject themselves to some chemo regimens with a 10% success rate and severely limiting side effects.
Last week, a California HealthCare Foundation poll suggested that 82% of Californians think they should make their wishes known in advance, but fewer than 25% have done so. Nearly 80% said that if they were seriously ill, they?d want to talk to their doctors about end-of-life care, but fewer than 10% do.
We?re just not very good at the messy business of dying. But as I mentioned to the doctors at Cedars, there are times when dying can get complicated. Should my dad, 83, have had hip surgery last year after falling down in the street, toppling over with his walker and pulling my mother, 82, down with him?
This was a man who had been suffering from strokes and heart disease for two years. His world was closing in on him; he was unable to do the things he loved most, like taking family vacations.
At Cedars, a doctor on the committee suggested I shouldn?t have approved the hip surgery. It?s that kind of procedure that?s driving up medical costs without necessarily producing good outcomes, he said.
He may be right, and I?ve second-guessed that decision, because my dad couldn?t walk very well before the surgery and has taken only a few steps since. But the alternative was to let him die in a hospital bed with a splintered joint, drugged into oblivion to kill the pain. The family decision was surgery.
Later, when he could no longer swallow without choking, my father and the rest of us decided against the doctor-recommended feeding tube. Too expensive, too invasive, too little to gain. And he left the nursing home to spend his final days in his own house.
It was hard on my mother and sister, the primary caregivers, with backup from my brother. Hospice staff isn?t always there, and hiring backup help is both expensive and at times intrusive. I?ll never know how my mother and sister, who have their own health problems, handled the daily task of moving my father from bed to wheelchair to bathroom, determined to grant him his last wish ? to die at home.
?Watching him die is torture,? said my sister, who had been looking into his ghostly eyes for days, hopes raised by a sudden surge and then dashed as he fell back into a near comatose state.
A doctor at Cedars, Lawrence Maldonado, had told me on Tuesday that our cultural fear of death often keeps us at a distance from the process of dying ? it?s easy enough to let the nursing home handle it. But there?s something powerful and life-affirming in facing down those fears, despite the heart-wrenching difficulty my sister described.
She and my mother have never been braver as they comforted my father at every turn, gently repositioning him in bed, dabbing at his parched lips with a sponge, cleaning him, talking to him, singing to him, thanking him, holding his hand.
?Hey Tony,? my mother would say, ?remember when?? And then she?d tell stories. Remember when they were high school sweethearts, sneaking off to the movie theater to hug and kiss in the dark?
My brother had suggested it might be time for me to write our father?s obituary for the local paper, but I?d been putting it off. I?ve been writing newspaper stories for nearly 40 years, many of them about death, but I felt I wouldn?t know how to begin this one, or do the subject justice.
My father was the youngest of six children born to Spanish immigrants, a scrapper, a fighter, an athlete, the last surviving member of the brood. He could be stubborn at times, and difficult. But the blue-collar working man stayed with that high school sweetheart for 63 years, provided for his family, and unconditionally loved his children and grandchildren.
Twenty-four hours came and went, with my father still breathing. At times he acknowledged us and whispered a few words. He survived a second day, and then a third. The doctor came to the house and said it wouldn?t be much longer.
My dad, as I wrote this, still had a hand on the rails, but he was beginning to let go.
A Bluetooth is really a wireless device employed for communications, specifically in phones. It plays a crucial role for each telephone user who loves to talk. A lot more and much more individuals are working with Bluetooth, and a lot of are thinking about buying 1. This is often a device employed for phones by individuals who desire to talk hands-free. Simply because Bluetooth is cordless, you don?t must be concerned carrying cords everywhere you go. This is often a uncomplicated device that any individual can quickly use. It offers excellent comfort to any users of it due to the fact it permits any individual who utilizes it, to talk without having holding the telephone and nonetheless manage to communicate using the other individual on the other line. It lets you hear and talk even in the event you don?t have the telephone placed on your ear.
Bluetooth is incredibly conventional to utilize since talking on your telephone becomes hands-free, and it can be a portable device which you can carry with ease and no hassles. Everyone who has Bluetooth can attest the convenience it can give any individual utilizing it. It really is a really light device that if you spot it to your ear, you are able to hear proper away the ringing of the telephone by means of the Bluetooth device. Once you get a call, you may not hear the sound from the telephone speaker but from the Bluetooth earpiece. As you answer the call, you are able to hear the voice from the other line via the Bluetooth and not directly from the telephone. No must spot the telephone on your ear to talk and listen. You may put the telephone on a table or within your pocket or any spot just some feet away from the Bluetooth for the device and telephone to obtain connected for it to function..
Getting a Bluetooth is helpful to folks who?re busy with function or performing issues that will hardly pay attention to their phones. If an individual is driving a vehicle, and you obtain a call, no have to have for you to hold the telephone on 1 hand to take the call and also the other hand on the steering wheel. All you?ll need to have is often a Bluetooth auto kit to let you talk whilst driving and have your hands on the wheels and eyes on the road.
Everyone who has a telephone must think about utilizing a Bluetooth to create communication less difficult and a lot more convenient mainly because its simplicity makes the device in demand and widely utilized.
In other Communications Mobile Cell Phone Mobile Phone news:
Using an inexpensive phone and open source software, the researchers were able to track the location of cell phone users without their knowledge on the Global System for Mobile Communications network, the predominant worldwide network.
BOCA RATON, Fla. ? WQN Inc. , a leading online security software provider of mobile phone applications protecting children from cyber-bullies, sexual predators, and texting-related car crashes, ?
An attacker can determine the location of a GSM cell phone user just from the information that "leaks" out of GSM network communications protocols, according to a team from the University of Minnesota. The? paper was presented at the Internet Societys Network and Distributed System Security Symposium on February 6 in San Diego by researchers Denis Foo Kune, John Koelndorfer, Nicholas ?
Mindspeed Technologies, Inc. , the industry leader in technology for small cell base stations, will be showing over 30 different small cell products from 25 customers and demonstrating the latest in small cell technology at Mobile World Congress 2012 in booth 1E.57 at the Fira Montju?c in Barcelona, Spain from February 27 to March 1, 2012.
T-Mobile USA, which just had its acquisition by AT&T blocked by regulators, is urging the federal government to block another deal in the wireless world: Verizons planned purchase of spectrum from cable companies for $3.9 billion.
Cellular networks leak the locations of cell phone users, allowing a third party to easily track the location of the cell phone user without the users knowledge, according to new research by computer scientists.
CHICAGO, IL? ? Cobra Electronics Corporation , a leading designer and marketer of citizens band radios and other award-winning mobile and consumer electronics, today announced it has been awarded a patent ?
T-Mobile USA, which just had its acquisition by AT&T blocked by regulators, is urging the federal government to block another deal in the wireless world: Verizons planned purchase of spectrum from cable companies for $3.9 billion. In a filing late Tuesday, T-Mobile USA said the Federal Communications Commission should stop the deal between Verizon Wireless, Comcast Corp., Time Warner Cable Inc ?
This is part two of a week-long series on the cell phone capacity crunch.
T-Mobile USA, which just had its acquisition by AT&T blocked by regulators, is urging the federal government to block Verizon?s planned spectrum purchase from cable companies for $3.9 billion.
Post # ff86fcd2a1c0bae7fd05 source: Everett Saran is a Mobile Phone specialist and he also comments in Mobile Phone details and further info is visible on his own site ? February 22, 2012, 9:11 pm Ref: yqegadudeqyguge
?Music and design always went hand in hand for me. I have this intrinsic need to give music an image, a visual identity, so this area suits me very well. I love the fact that I can combine the two and give it what I think is the right feel. Plus, I get to meet and work with a lot of great people.?
Promo for Alix Perez gig at The Ark Underground ? Bucharest, May 20?th 2011 Client: Ghost Town Events / Track: Alix Perez ? I?m Free
?I work as a freelance graphic designer under my GMK/Gimmickal alias. I?m currently based in Timisoara, Romania, where I earned a bachelor?s degree in graphic design, as well as a master?s degree in advertising graphics at The College of Arts & Design.?
GMK/Gimmickal (Razvan Coste): behance
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George Huguely V is escorted to Charlottesville Circuit Court by members of the Charlottesville Sheriff's Office for the start of his trial in Charlottesville, Va, Thursday, Feb. 9, 2012. Huguely, is charged with the murder of fellow University of Virginia senior Yeardley Love. (AP Photo/The Daily Progress, Sabrina Schaeffer)
George Huguely V is escorted to Charlottesville Circuit Court by members of the Charlottesville Sheriff's Office for the start of his trial in Charlottesville, Va, Thursday, Feb. 9, 2012. Huguely, is charged with the murder of fellow University of Virginia senior Yeardley Love. (AP Photo/The Daily Progress, Sabrina Schaeffer)
George Huguely V is escorted to Charlottesville Circuit Court by members of the Charlottesville Sheriff's Office for the start of his trial in Charlottesville, Va, Thursday, Feb. 9, 2012. Huguely, is charged with the murder of fellow University of Virginia senior Yeardley Love. (AP Photo/The Daily Progress, Sabrina Schaeffer)
Sharon Love, mother of murder victim, Yeardley Love, leaves court during a break after opening arguments in the trial of George Huguely V at Charlottesville Circuit Court in Charlottesville, Va, Wednesday, Feb. 8, 2012. Huguely, is on trial for the murder of fellow University of Virginia senior Yeardley Love. (AP Photo/Steve Helber)
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. (AP) ? A former University of Virginia lacrosse player on trial for killing his ex-girlfriend told police he wrestled with and shoved her but did not punch or strangle her.
Jurors in George Huguely V's first-degree murder trial viewed a police interrogation video on Friday. It was recorded hours after Yeardley Love's body was found in her apartment in May 2010. She was found bloodied and beaten.
Both Huguely and Love are from Maryland.
Huguely told police he had gone to talk to Love about their on-again, off-again relationship and the encounter turned physical. But he insisted he did not inflict the lethal injuries.
Told by detectives during the police interview that Love was dead, an incredulous Huguely repeatedly said, "She's not dead."
Huguely and at least two jurors sobbed while the tape was played.
SINGAPORE (Reuters) ? U.S. scientists using satellite data have established a more accurate figure of the amount of annual sea level rise from melting glaciers and ice caps which should aid studies on how quickly coastal areas may flood as global warming gathers pace.
John Wahr of the University of Colorado in Boulder and colleagues, in a study published on Thursday, found that thinning glaciers and icecaps were pushing up sea levels by 1.5 millimeters (0.06 inches) a year, in line with a 1.2 to 1.8 mm range from other studies, some of which forecast sea levels could rise as much as 2 meters (2.2 yards) by 2100.
Sea levels have already risen on average about 18 centimeters since 1900 and rapid global warming will accelerate the pace of the increase, scientists say, threatening coastlines from Vietnam to Florida and forcing low-lying megacities to build costly sea defenses.
To get a better picture of the pace of the melting, Wahr and colleagues used a satellite that measures variations in gravity fields to study changes in the mass of large ice-covered areas. The data covered 2003-2010.
The glaciers and ice caps included those in the Arctic, South America, Asia as well as Greenland and Antarctica.
Globally, the rate of sea level rise has accelerated in recent decades to reach about 3.5 millimeters a year, with more than half coming from thermal expansion of the oceans.
Water expands as it gets warmer.
While the creeping annual increase might seem small, the rate of sea level rise is expected to grow. Yet scientists have struggled to refine estimates given the uncertainty about the future pace of global warming, growth trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions and the rate at which ice caps will melt.
Using satellite data instead of more limited and time-consuming data from ground measurements was crucial, Wahr said in an email to Reuters.
The team found that loss ice from Greenland and Antarctica was pushing up sea levels by just over one millimeter a year, comprising most of the 1.5 mm annual rise.
Glaciers and mountain ice caps elsewhere comprised the rest, at 0.4 mm/yr between 2003-10.
"That's a large number, and represents a lot of melting ice," said Wahr. "But it's at least 30 percent smaller than previous global estimates, none of which have used GRACE," he said, referring to the name of the satellite.
FASTER MELTING
The United Nations' Climate Panel estimates sea global sea level rise of 18 to 59 centimeters from 1990 to the 2090s. But those numbers do not include melting from polar regions where the vast majority of the world's freshwater is locked away.
Some climate scientists say the rise is more likely to be between and 1 and 2 meters. They point to accelerating melting of the Greenland and West Antarctic icesheets over the past two decades. Both contain enough water to raise global sea levels by about 60 meters.
Other glaciers and mountain icecaps contain enough water to raise sea levels by nearly a meter.
GRACE measured the changes to ice mass over regions greater than 100 square kilometers. The data showed ice-covered areas in Asia, including the Himalayan and Karakoram ranges, was much less than other estimates, meaning the region contributed very little to sea level rise, in part because many glaciers were at freezing high elevations.
Wahr said the study gave a much clearer picture of what was happening to large ice-covered areas globally, particularly in remote parts of the Himalayas.
"There are simply too many glaciers, and most of them too remote to access, to be able to monitor all of them from the ground. There are more than 200,000 glaciers world-wide," he said, adding only a few hundred have been monitored over time spans of several years or more.
"With GRACE, though, we're able to directly monitor the sum total of all ice loss in an entire glacier system or ice cap."
Ongoing monitoring by the satellite should help scientists get a better handle on the pace of ice melting and sea level rise as the planet heats up.
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, all 11 years in the 21st century so far, including 2011, rank among the 13 warmest in the 132-year temperature record.
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Public release date: 26-Feb-2012
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